Buyer Guide

The Utah Buyer Due Diligence Roadmap: What I Actually Check Before You Close

The things that turn into problems after closing almost never show up on the listing photos. This is the checklist I actually run on every buyer I represent in the Wasatch Back — what I verify myself, what I bring specialists in for, and what you want in writing before you sign anything.

By Ashley Sheleretis · April 2026 · 9 min read

Buyer Advocacy

Here's the part most people skip

Buyers fall in love with a view or a kitchen. The things that end up costing serious money — bad boundaries, unpermitted additions, an HOA special assessment nobody mentioned — none of that shows up on Zillow.

And let's be honest: the listing agent isn't working for you. They're not going to mention the fence isn't on the property line or that the last owner finished the basement without pulling a permit. That's not malice. It's just not their job.

It's mine. Below is the checklist I actually run, who I bring in to verify each piece, and what you want in writing before you sign.

The rule: Trust nothing. Verify everything. If something matters to your decision — zoning, rental rights, water, boundaries, roof age — get it confirmed in writing by someone licensed to say so. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.

Step 1

Zoning, permits, and what you can actually do with the property

What you picture doing with a property and what the zoning actually allows are often two different things. This is where I see buyers get burned the most.

01

Verify with the people who know

Who verifies this: county planning, the building department, the HOA manager, and your real estate attorney.

  • Zoning. Call the county planning office. Whatever you're planning to do — run a home business, rent it out, add a casita, build a shop — make sure current zoning actually allows it.
  • Permit history. Pull the permit record from the building department. If the last owner finished the basement or added a room without a permit, that becomes your problem at resale and at insurance time. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Rental rules. If short-term rentals (nightly Airbnb-style) are part of the plan, get the approval in writing. Don't rely on "the last owner did it." Zoning changes, HOAs change, and enforcement catches up. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • HOA rules. Read the actual CC&Rs, not the summary. That's where the restrictions on colors, parking, outbuildings, and pets live. It's long. Read it anyway. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
Step 2

The land: boundaries, water, and what's under the house

The ground you're buying matters as much as the house that sits on it. The two things buyers fight about most after closing are boundaries and water.

02

Survey, easements, water, and soil

Who verifies this: a licensed surveyor, a geotech engineer on bigger lots, the utility provider, and your attorney.

  • Get the survey. I order a fresh one on anything over a half-acre. Fences almost never sit where the legal lot line sits — sometimes off by a few feet, sometimes off by a lot more. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Read the easements. Who has a right to cross your property? Utility, trail, access, irrigation — they're all in the title report. This is the stuff that determines whether you can actually fence the back pasture. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Water and utilities. Well? Shared well? Municipal? I call the provider myself. Private wells with unclear rights are a Heber Valley specialty — and an expensive surprise when the paperwork isn't clean. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • What's under the house. On acreage or anything on a hill, get a geotech. Soil, drainage, wetlands issues — these all get much more expensive to fix after you own the land. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.

Acreage rule: Anything over an acre, I treat the survey, the easement review, and a written zoning letter as required, not optional. A fence in a listing photo doesn't tell you where the line actually is. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.

Step 3

The actual house — what's in it, what's wrong with it

A home inspector is the start, not the whole thing. The general inspector flags the big stuff, then I bring in specialists for anything that looked questionable — or anything expensive enough that "probably fine" isn't good enough.

03

Systems, structure, and environmental hazards

Who verifies this: a general home inspector first, then specialists — HVAC, electrician, plumber, structural engineer, and a radon/environmental testing firm for anything the general flags. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.

  • The systems. HVAC, electrical, plumbing, foundation, roof. Ask for the roof age separately — a 22-year-old roof is an insurance problem even if it's not leaking yet. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Radon. Utah sits on granite, so radon is a genuine concern here. A basic radon test runs about $150 and takes a couple of days. Skip it and you're rolling the dice on a lung-cancer risk factor for no good reason. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Older homes. Lead paint (pre-1978), asbestos, and any signs of prior illegal substance activity. If any of these show up, we get a remediation quote before we agree on a price. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Moisture. Attic, crawl space, mechanical rooms — these are the places I personally check after the inspector leaves. Water damage hidden behind new drywall is the most common expensive surprise I see. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
Step 4

The money side — title, HOA, insurance, and taxes

Owning property means ongoing financial obligations. Some live on the title report. Others are buried in HOA packets, tax assessments, and PID notices — and this is the stuff that quietly turns a "great deal" into a monthly payment nobody planned for.

04

Title, HOA, insurance, and taxes

Who verifies this: the title officer, your attorney, an insurance broker, and a tax advisor if Greenbelt or a PID is in play.

  • Title commitment. Read it. Every exception, every easement, every lien. Your attorney should be the second set of eyes. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • HOA packet. I request current budgets, the reserve study, the last 12 months of meeting minutes, and any pending litigation. An HOA sitting on an underfunded reserve is a special assessment waiting to hit your mailbox. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Insurance — get an accurate quote. Wildfire zones, claims history, and old roofs can make a home uninsurable or triple the premium. We don't wait until underwriting to find out. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Greenbelt taxes. A lot of larger Heber Valley parcels are taxed as agricultural. If you're not continuing that use, you'll trigger rollback taxes that can run into five figures. I flag this before we write an offer. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • PIDs (Public Infrastructure Districts). Growing parts of the valley are in PIDs — that's a separate tax line on top of property tax, annual, for decades. Know the number before you buy. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
Step 5

The stuff most people skip — and regret

This is the section most agents won't bring up. It's also where your long-term holding cost and your resale math actually live.

05

Energy, neighborhood, and what's coming next door

Who verifies this: a certified energy auditor, the local planning office, your insurance broker, and honestly, me with public records.

  • Energy audit. A $300 audit on a 4,000 sq ft home can find $2,000 a year in waste. On a property you're holding five years, that's meaningful money. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • The neighborhood, honestly. Crime, schools, and the stuff nobody writes down — the commercial noise a block over, the seasonal odor from nearby agriculture, the Friday-night Main Street traffic. Ask me. Or drive it yourself on a Wednesday evening before you commit. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • What's being built nearby. I pull the planning office's active-application list for a one-mile radius around any property I'm representing. New roads, density changes, commercial permits — this shows up at the planning office months before it shows up in the news. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
  • Resale drag. Anything that will make the house harder to sell later — a weird non-conforming use, expensive insurance, a long PID obligation — gets priced into today's offer. If it's going to cost you on the way out, it has to cost the seller on the way in. Regulations and licensing requirements can change. Buyer to verify.
Why this matters

What a real estate agent can and can't do

Utah law is clear that real estate agents aren't licensed or trained to diagnose roof issues, interpret title exceptions, or give you tax advice. That's a good thing — it means you deserve specialists, not a generalist winging it.

From the Utah Association of Realtors

Real estate licensees are not qualified or trained to provide professional advice regarding the physical condition of a property, legal or tax consequences of real estate transactions, or compliance with governmental regulations. Buyers are advised to obtain such advice from qualified professionals.

Source: Utah Association of Realtors buyer advisory materials

My job is to know which specialist to bring in, when to bring them in, and what to ask them. I don't hand you a checklist and wish you luck. I stay in every thread — the survey, the inspection, the title, the HOA records, the insurance quote, the tax question — and I keep it moving toward closing without dropping a piece.

Trust no one's word, including mine. Verify it. That's how you buy a house you're still happy with in five years.

Buy with this checklist behind you

Every buyer I represent in the Wasatch Back gets this process. No shortcuts. No generic checklist handed over at signing. No surprises six months after you close.

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